Can Coastal Management Programs Protect and Promote Water-Dependent Uses?

Anecdotal evidence indicates that commercial and recreational water-dependent uses have been under development pressure in recent years, and in some cases have been converted to other uses. The conversion of water-dependent uses, which range from commercial shipyards to recreational marinas, may have many public costs, including the loss of access to public trust waters, the loss of jobs and associated economic activity, and the loss of traditional working waterfronts. This two-part study investigated the role of five coastal management programs in the northeastern United States in managing, monitoring, and protecting water-dependent uses. First, coastal managers in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey were interviewed to assess the conversion problem. Second, in collaboration with New York City-based Regional Plan Association, follow-up interviews were conducted with coastal managers and local planners in Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey to gain greater insight into the role of coastal management programs and local governments in managing and promoting water-dependent uses. This article presents select findings from this study and discusses recommendations for improving the capacity of coastal management programs and local governments to manage water-dependent uses for the benefit of the public.     

青藏铁路旱桥冻胀力的弹塑性分析

假设土体在冻结前已固结完毕,冻结过程中土体为具有弹塑性本构特征的各向同性体,土中的水分迁移符合达西定律,且土颗粒不可压缩。在给出冻土温度场、水分场基本方程及冻土弹塑性本构方程后,应用弹塑性有限元法,模拟旱桥施工过程。依次求出旱桥在围岩自重作用下的初始应力场、当前应力水平下围岩的温度场和体积膨胀引起的等效节点荷载,再求出上述荷载增量对应的应力增量和当前的围岩应力场,重复上述计算步骤直到规定年限。本文对青藏铁路旱桥单桩冻胀过程中在未来20年的应力场进行模拟计算,结果表明旱桥仅在靠近桥桩底部产生塑性应变,且塑性应变区很小,该旱桥是安全的。另外,本文提供分析寒区旱桥冻胀的理论与数值计算方法,可为类似工程设计提供参考。     

透过CMIPPI-C-S2项目浅析灌溉项目中土方施工方法

该文通过一灌溉项目的执行,借助图片、图形,形象地论述了在土方施工过程中遇到的问题,以及如何有效地予以解决的方法。     

台北捷运办理路线、场、站土地开发之检讨及执行成效

台北都会区大众捷运系统为顺利取得捷运系统用地充分土地利用,以捷运土地开发方式提供民众在征收以外之一项选择,从而减少政府财政负担,增加财务效益。并导入以大众运输为导向发之土地开发(Transit Oriented Development TOD)规划理念,同时强化土地开发使用的强度增加使用诱因;规划健全捷运转乘需求,以达到运具整合之功能,并纳入公共元素,进行整体开发。为了捷运土地开发能更顺利、公平、效率的推动,藉本文将施行成效及与相关捷运场、站共同开发之案例进行检讨,提供其他类似开发案参考。     

农村公路建设中的土地资源保护对策研究

土地资源的保护对我国社会的可持续发展具有重大的现实意义和深远的战略影响。在加快农村公路建设的同时,要着重解决好建设与土地资源保护的矛盾,使农村公路建设走上可持续发展之路。在分析当今农村公路建设用地存在的问题基础上,提出应从政策和技术层面对土地资源进行有效控制,并强调农村公路建设各阶段对土地资源使用有着不同的影响,应在农村公路建设的规划、设计、施工阶段进行全过程控制,并提出了具体的控制对策。     

综合管廊有偿使用收费方式及其适用性探究

采用理论研究和案例分析法针对城市地下综合管廊有偿使用收费方式进行了详细的探讨，并依托成都市IT大道地下综合管廊工程，同时借鉴了日月大道、成洛大道、成渝高速入城段等试点管廊的相关参数测算综合管廊有偿使用费，其中入廊费和日常维护费分别采用直埋成本法和空间比例法进行计算，建立了成都市地下综合管廊入廊费和日常维护费收费标准。研究结果表明采用该方法测算得到的成都市管线入廊费和日常维护收费标准较适应管线现状实际建设和运维情况，更易让各管线单位接受。     

交通拥堵反思

通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低...     

城市土地利用特征对居民出行方式的影响——以深圳市为例

为缓解日益严重的城市交通问题、优化居民出行方式,有必要研究城市土地利用与交通系统的协调问题.以深圳市为例,应用多元Logit模型(MNL模型),纳入城市土地利用变量与出行者的家庭、社会、经济等变量,分析其对居民工作与非工作出行方式的影响.研究结果表明,出行起点的城市区位是影响居民出行方式的重要因素之一.相对于组团中心和...     

The development of the TIGRIS XL model: A bottom-up approach to transport, land-use and the economy

The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. Transport models are generally available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing and labour market, by modelling changes in the spatial distribution of jobs and residents. This paper describes the current TIGRIS XL model and how it can be applied in the evaluation of transport projects. It refers to work done with the TIGRIS XL model to improve the calculation of the direct benefits by applying the so-called ‘logsum’ method. Finally it discusses ideas on how to extend the TIGRIS XL model to address indirect generative effects as well.The current TIGRIS XL model, its integration with the National Model System (the standard tool for the Dutch government to analyse the effects on passenger transport) and basic design principles are the starting point of such an exploration. These design principles include:

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an emphasis on detail, both spatial as well as in socio-economic segments, to account for differences in the availability of choice alternatives and in choice behaviour, and to provide impacts by region and socio-economic group;

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the requirement that the relationships used rest on an empirical foundation.

The post-processing methods proposed on this paper for the calculation of the direct benefits and indirect generative effects are consistent with these design principles. To calculate the indirect generative effects, a post-processing module is proposed which transforms changes in travel times and land-use into agglomeration effects. These agglomeration effects combine several of the generative effects, like scale economies, an increasing variety of products, labour market matches and knowledge spill-over. The effects of changes in the agglomeration indicator on productivity can be estimated with existing data sources, as was demonstrated in the UK (Graham, 2005).     

经济转型期中国农地过度征用的规制研究

受自身利益的驱使,地方政府通过过度征地实现租金最大化,直接导致土地这一不可再生资源的快速消失。要从根本上解决农地的过度征用,必须将农地征用过程中权益各方的行为动机及其关系放在一个整体性的框架内进行研究,才能对地方政府的征地行为作出全面而深入的分析,进而为规制地方政府的过度征地提出有效对策。